Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr, wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da “Mai Ibada na Quraishawa”, ɗan Abu Bakr, halifa na farko, ne. Yana daga cikin na kusa kuma fitattun mabiya Shi’a na Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi). Soyayya mai ƙarfi ta kasance tsakaninsa da Imam, kuma Imam yana kiransa ɗansa. Muhammad yana daga cikin fitattun masu adawa da ayyukan halifa na uku. A ƙarshe, sojojin Mu’awiya suka kashe shi shahidi a ranar 14 ga watan Safar na shekara ta 38 bayan Hijira.
Ƙarƙashin Tarbiyyar Jagoran Masu Taqawa
Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr shi ne ɗan halifa na farko da Asma’u bint Umais. Bayan rasuwar Abu Bakr da auren Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi) da Asma’u, Muhammad ya girma kuma ya samu tarbiyya a gidan Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi). Fiqhunsa, iliminsa da tunaninsa sun samo asali ne daga tsarkakakkun koyarwar Jagoran Masu Taqawa. Bai ɗauki kowa, har ma da mahaifinsa Abu Bakr, a matsayin mai falala kamar Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi) ba. A lokacin da yake yi masa mubaya’a, ya ce: “Ina shaida cewa kai Imam ne wanda biyayya gare ka ta zama wajibi.”
Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi) ma yana ƙaunarsa kuma ya ɗauke shi a matsayin “ɗansa daga tsatson Abu Bakr”. A cikin Nahjul Balagha an ruwaito daga Imam cewa: “Shi, Muhammad, masoyina ne, kuma na rene shi kamar ɗana.” [1]
Muhammad yana daga cikin kwamandojin rundunar Amirul Muuminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi) a yaƙin Jamal da Siffin. Daga baya Imam ya naɗa shi gwamnan Masar.
Mubaya’a ga Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi)
Imam Sadiq (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi), yayin ambaton Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr, ya jaddada sabuwar mubaya’arsa ta gaskiya da ikhlasi ga Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi); mubaya’ar da Muhammad ya tabbatar da imamar Imam wadda biyayya gare shi ta zama wajibi cikin tawali’u.
Hamza ɗan Muhammad al-Tayyar, wanda yana daga cikin amintattun masu ruwaya daga Imam Sadiq (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi), ya ruwaito cewa an ambaci Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr a gaban Imam. Sai Imam ya ce: “Allah Ya jiƙansa kuma Ya yi masa rahama. Wata rana ya ce wa Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi): ‘Miƙo hannunka domin in yi maka mubaya’a.’ Imam ya ce: ‘Ashe ba ka riga ka yi haka ba?’ Ya ce: ‘Eh.’ Sai Imam ya miƙa hannunsa, Muhammad ya ce: ‘Ina shaida cewa kai Imam ne wanda biyayya gare ka ta zama wajibi.’”
Sannan Imam Sadiq (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi) ya ce: “Nagarta da darajar Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr sun zo masa ne daga wajen mahaifiyarsa, Asma’u bint Umais, ba daga wajen mahaifinsa ba.” [2]
A wani wuri kuma, Zurara, wanda yana daga cikin sahabban Imam Baqir da Imam Sadiq (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare su), ya ce Imam Baqir (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi) ya ce: “Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr ya barranta daga mahaifinsa sannan ya yi mubaya’a ga Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi).” [3]
Wasiƙa zuwa ga Mu’awiya domin Kare Jagoran Masu Taqawa
Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr, kamar jagoransa Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi), yana kallon Mu’awiya a matsayin mai ƙwace haƙƙi, azzalumi kuma mayaudari. Saboda haka, a farkon kwanakin mulkinsa a Masar, ya rubuta wasiƙa zuwa ga Mu’awiya inda ya bayyana Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi) a matsayin kaɗai wanda ya cancanci imama da halifanci.
Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr ya rubuta wa Mu’awiya ɗan Abu Sufyan cewa:
“Allah, saboda ɗaukaka, girma, mulki da ikonsa a kan dukkan halittunsa, da rinjayen hujjojinsa, Ya halicci halittu ba don wasa, rauni ko wata buƙata ba, sai domin su bauta Masa. Ya sanya wasu batattu, wasu shiryayyu, wasu marasa sa’a, wasu kuma masu sa’a. Sannan, bisa iliminsa, Ya zaɓi Manzon Allah (Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi da iyalansa), Ya zaɓe shi domin kusanci da Shi, Ya keɓe shi da soyayyarsa, kuma Ya aiko shi a matsayin amintaccen mai isar da saƙonsa. Ya aiko shi da wahayi, Ya dogara gare shi a matsayin Manzo mai gaskiya, mai shiryarwa, mai jagoranci, mai bushara da gargadi a cikin al’amarinsa.
Mutum na farko da ya amsa kiransa, ya gaskata shi, yayi imani da shi kuma ya bayyana Musulunci shi ne ɗan’uwansa, ɗan baffansa, wasiyyinsa, magajin iliminsa da halifansa bayansa; wanda Manzon Allah (Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi da iyalansa) ya naɗa a matsayin magajinsa da umarnin Allah, wato Amirul Muuminiin Ali ɗan Abu Talib (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi). Ya gaskata sirrukan da Manzon Allah (Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi da iyalansa) ya ɓoye, kuma Manzon Allah ya fi fifita shi a kan mafi kusa daga danginsa. Ya kare shi daga kowane haɗari, ya taimake shi a kowane lamari mai ban tsoro, ya yaƙi duk wanda Manzon Allah ya yaƙa, kuma yayi sulhu da duk wanda yayi sulhu da shi. Amirul Muuminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi) ya kasance koyaushe yana miƙa rayuwarsa a gaban Manzon Allah a lokutan tsoro, yunwa da wahala, har Allah Maɗaukaki Ya bayyana kiransa kuma Ya cika hujjarsa.
Ya Mu’awiya! Kai da kake batacce, kana yin alfahari a kansa? Alhali shi mutum ne tsarkakke kuma wanda ya fi kowa gaba a cikin wannan al’umma. Shi ya fi kowa gaskiya, halayensa sun fi na kowa ɗaukaka, matarsa ta fi kowace mace kebantacciya, matsayinsa kuma ya fi na kowa girma. A lokacin hijirar Manzon Allah (Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi da iyalansa), ya miƙa ransa domin ceton sa daga hannun maƙiyansa, ya kwanta a shimfiɗarsa, kuma ya sayar da ransa ga Allah domin tsira da Manzon Allah.
Kawunsa, Hamza, shi ne shugaban shahidan yaƙin Uhud, mahaifinsa kuma mai kare Manzon Allah (Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi da iyalansa) daga maƙiyan Allah. Amma kai da mahaifinka kullum kuna tayar musu da fitina, kuna kashe dukiya domin tara ƙabilun Larabawa don kashe hasken Allah. Mahaifinka ya mutu a kan wannan hanya, kai kuma ka gaje shi. Abin da ya tabbatar da waɗannan ayyukanka shi ne yadda ragowar ƙungiyoyin shirka, shugabannin munafunci da masu gaba da Manzon Allah da Ahlul Baitinsa suka zo gare ka suka nemi mafaka.
A daya ɓangaren kuma, abin da ke shaida bayyananniyar falalar Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi) da tsohuwar fifikonsa a Musulunci su ne mataimakansa; waɗanda Allah Maɗaukaki Ya ambata tare da falalolinsu a cikin Al-Qur’ani mai girma, Ya kuma yabi Muhajirai da Ansar. Daga cikinsu akwai rundunoni masu tafiya a ƙasa da mahaya waɗanda suke tare da shi, suna yaƙi da takubbansu, suna zubar da jininsu domin kare shi, suna ganin sa’a tana cikin biyayya gare shi, kuma bala’i yana cikin saɓa wa umarninsa.
Kaicon ka! Sannan kaicon ka! Ta yaya kake daidaita kanka da Ali? Shi ɗan’uwan Manzon Allah ne, mahaifin ’ya’yansa, kuma abokin tarayya da shi a dukkan al’amura, alhali kai maƙiyin Manzon Allah ne kuma ɗan maƙiyinsa. Don haka ka ci ribar ɓatarka, domin ɗan As yana ƙara jefa ka cikin zurfin ɓatarka. Kamar dai wa’adinka ya kusa ƙarewa, makircinka da dabararka kuma sun raunana. Ka sani cewa ka yi makirci ga Ubangijinka yayin da ka ɗauka kana cikin aminci daga makircinsa. Ka nisanta kanka daga rahamar Allah, alhali Allah yana jiranka a madakata, amma kai har yanzu kana cikin girman kai da taurin kai a gare Shi. Mu kuma, da taimakon Allah, Manzonsa da Ahlul Baitin Manzon Allah (Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi da iyalansa), ba ma buƙatar ka.” [4]
Yadda Aka Kashe Shi Shahidi
Mu’awiya, domin ɗaukar fansa da ƙwace Masar, ta hannun Amr ɗan As tare da haɗin gwiwar ’yan tawaye, ya zargi Muhammad da hannu a kisan Usman sannan ya kai masa hari. Muhammad ya samu umarnin tsayawa tsayin daka daga Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi), kuma yayi juriya. Sai dai bayan shahadar Malik al-Ashtar, rundunarsa ta sha kashi a gaban sojojin Sham 6,000 a yankin al-Masannat.
Bayan rundunar Muhammad ta sha kashi a hannun mutanen Sham, mutanen da ke kewaye da shi suka gudu suka bar shi shi kaɗai. A ƙarshe ya nemi mafaka a wani kango, inda Mu’awiya ɗan Hudayj ya kashe shi shahidi sannan ya ƙone gawarsa. [5]
Jimamin Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr
Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi), yayin bayyana zurfin matsayin Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr da alaƙar dangantakarsa da shi, ya yi magana game da dacin shahadarsa da ƙoƙarinsa na hana aukuwar abubuwan da suka faru a Masar.
Lokacin da aka kawo wa Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi) labarin shahadar Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr, Imam ya ce: “Bakin cikinmu saboda shahadarsa daidai yake da farin cikin mutanen Sham; sai dai bambancin shi ne cewa maƙiyi ɗaya ya ragu daga cikinsu, aboki ɗaya kuma ya ragu daga gare mu.” [6]
Malik ɗan Jaun al-Hadrami ya ruwaito daga masu ruwaya cewa Amirul Muuminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi) ya ce game da shi: “Allah Ya jiƙan Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr. Matashi ne ƙarami. Wallahi, na yi niyyar naɗa Hashim ɗan Utba, wanda ake kira Mirqal, a matsayin gwamnan Masar. Wallahi, da shi ne gwamnan Masar, da ya toshe wa Amr ɗan As da mabiyansa hanya, kuma ba za a kashe shi ba sai takobinsa yana hannunsa.”
Sannan Imam ya jaddada cewa wannan magana ba tana nufin sukar Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr ba, ya ƙara da cewa: “Ya yi amfani da dukkan ƙarfinsa kuma ya cika aikinsa yadda ya kamata.”
Sai aka tambayi Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi): “Ya Amirul Mu’uminiin! Me ya sa kake baƙin ciki sosai saboda shahadarsa?”
Imam ya ce: “Ta yaya ba zan yi baƙin ciki ba?! Ya girma a ƙarƙashin kulawata. Ga ’ya’yana yana kamar ɗan’uwansu, ni kuma na kasance kamar mahaifinsa. Na ɗauke shi kamar ɗana.” [7]
Matsayin Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr a Wajen Jagoran Masu Taqawa
Amirul Mu’uminiin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi), a cikin wata wasiƙa zuwa ga Ibn Abbas, yayin jimamin shahadar Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr, ya jaddada kyawawan halayensa kuma ya koka game da halin ko-in-kula da raunana da mutane suka nuna wajen taimakon wannan amintaccen wakili.
Ya rubuta wa Ibn Abbas cewa:
“Lallai Masar ta faɗi, kuma gwamnanta Muhammad ɗan Abu Bakr, Allah Ya jiƙansa, ya yi shahada. A gaban Allah muna ɗaukar sa a matsayin ɗa mai nasiha, wakili mai ƙoƙari, takobi mai kaifi, da ginshiƙi mai hana farmaki. Na kasance koyaushe ina kiran mutane su shiga sahunsa, kuma na umarce su su garzaya don taimakonsa kafin waɗannan munanan abubuwa su faru. Na kira mutane a ɓoye da fili, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Wasu suka zo ba da son ransu ba, wasu suka kawo uzuri na ƙarya, wasu kuma suka zauna cikin rauni da ƙasƙanci. Ina roƙon Allah Ya kubutar da ni daga cikin waɗannan mutane nan ba da daɗewa ba. Wallahi, da ba don burina na yin shahada a yaƙi da maƙiya ba, kuma da ban shirya kaina domin mutuwa ba, da ban so in zauna tare da waɗannan mutane ko da yini guda ba, ko in sake haɗuwa da su.” [8]
Majiyoyi
[1] Sayyid Radi, Nahjul Balagha, Huduba ta 67, fassarar Muhammad Dashti, Qum, Mashhur Publications, 1380 Hijira Shamsiyya.
[2] Bihar al-Anwar, juzu’i na 33, shafi na 582.
[3] Bihar al-Anwar, juzu’i na 33, shafi na 585.
[4] Waq’at al-Jamal, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 89.
[5] Ibn Shabba, Umar ɗan Shabba, Tarikh Madinat al-Munawwara, juzu’i na 4, shafi na 1285.
[6] Bihar al-Anwar, juzu’i na 33, shafi na 590; Nahjul Balagha, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 532.
[7] Bihar al-Anwar, juzu’i na 33, shafi na 566.
[8] Bihar al-Anwar, juzu’i na 33, shafi na 592.
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