Bab Muslim bin Aqil (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi), Ƙofa Zuwa Ga Baƙon Kufa
Wannan ƙofa tana ɓangaren gabashin katangar Farfajiya mai daraja, a hannun dama na Bab al-Sa’a, kusa da Masallacin al-Khadra. Mulla Yusuf, mai kula da Rawdar Haidariyya, ne ya buɗe ta a shekara ta 1252H, wadda ta yi daidai da 1836M, a zamanin mulkin Sultan Mahmud na Biyu na Daular Usmaniyya, wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1255H.
Tsohon Suna
A baya, wannan ƙofa tana kaiwa zuwa kasuwar teloli, saboda haka ake kiranta Bab al-Aba’ijiyya ko Bab Ahl al-Ikl, wato Ƙofar Masu Sayar da Abaya ko Masu Ikl.
Marigayi Sheikh Ja’afar Mahbuba ya ruwaito cewa tsohuwar “Dar al-Diyafa”, bayan ta rushe a zamanin Safawiyya, Mulla Yusuf ya saya daga Sheikh Muhammad Hassan Sahib al-Jawahir. Ya sake gina ta a matsayin kasuwar teloli, sannan a wannan lokacin, a watan Rajab na shekara ta 1252H, ya buɗe wannan ƙofa domin samun damar shiga Qaisariyya.
Abin lura ne cewa an rushe babban ɓangaren wannan kasuwa a shekara ta 1368H, wadda ta yi daidai da 1949M, a zamanin masarautar Iraki, bisa umarnin Abdul Rasul Khalisi, jami’in gudanarwar Karbala, yayin gina titin da ke zagaye da Farfajiya mai daraja. A farkon shekarun tamanin na Miladiyya kuma, an rushe sauran ɓangaren kasuwar tare da duk gine-ginen da suke manne da katangar Farfajiya mai daraja na Atabutul Alawiyya.
Gyara da Sabon Suna
A shekara ta 1371H, wadda ta yi daidai da 1951M, an sake sabunta wannan ƙofa. An yi aikin ne a lokacin da Ustaz Diya Shukara yake Qa’im Maqam na Najaf mai daraja, sannan aka ƙawata fuskar wajenta da tayal na Karbala. A wannan lokacin ne aka sanya mata sunan hukuma “Bab Muslim bin Aqil (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi)”. Ana ganin cewa dalilin wannan suna shi ne saboda ƙofar tana fuskantar wajen kabarin Muslim bin Aqil, Baƙon Kufa.
Bab al-Faraj
Bab al-Faraj ita ce ƙofa mafi sabo da aka buɗe a Farfajiya mai daraja. Tana a ɓangaren yammacin katangar Farfajiya mai daraja, kuma a baya tana buɗewa zuwa unguwar al-Imara, wadda a yau ake kira Farfajiyar Uwargidanmu Sayyada Zahra (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare ta). Sultan Abdul Aziz na Daular Usmaniyya ya bada umarnin gina da buɗe wannan ƙofa a shekara ta 1279H, wadda ta yi daidai da 1862M.
Marigayi Sayyid Buraqi ya rubuta game da wannan lamari cewa: “A shekara ta 1279H, an buɗe wata ƙofa a ɓangaren yammacin Farfajiya mai daraja, aka sanya mata suna Bab al-Faraj, sannan aka samar da kasuwa daga wannan ɓangaren.”
Sheikh Abbas bin Sheikh Hassan Al Kashif al-Ghita ya rubuta shekarar da aka fara aikin buɗe wannan ƙofa, wato 1279H, a cikin rubuce-rubucen tarihi domin ta kasance abin tunawa.
Dalilin da yasa Aka Sanya wa Bab al-Faraj Suna Bab al-Saladin
Bayan kusan shekaru tara da cigaba da aiki, wanda lokaci ne mai tsawo, daga ƙarshe an buɗe Bab al-Faraj a watan Rajab na shekara ta 1287H, wadda ta yi daidai da 1870M. Domin rubuta wannan tarihi, an kafa wani Tughra, wato salon rubutun sarauta na Farisa da Musulunci, a mashigar ƙofar da sunan Sultan Abdul Aziz na Daular Usmaniyya. An rubuta a kansa: «عبدالعزیز خان بن محمود المظفر دائماً» sannan a ƙarƙashinsa aka rubuta tarihin «رجب ۸», wanda ke nuni da shekara ta 1287H.
Saboda kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin gwamnatocin Iran da Daular Usmaniyya a wancan lokaci, kuma a daidai lokacin da Sarkin Iran, Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar, yayi tafiya zuwa wurare masu tsarki na Iraki a wannan shekara, wato 1287H daidai da 1870M, an yanke shawarar cewa zai shiga Najaf mai daraja ta wannan sabuwar ƙofa.
An yi wannan ne domin karrama shi daga Sultan na Daular Usmaniyya. Saboda haka, a wannan lokacin, ƙofar ta shahara da suna “Bab al-Saladin” ƙari da sunanta “Bab al-Faraj”.
Bab al-Faraj, Ƙofar da Aka Gina Domin Karrama Sarkin Iran!
Sheikh Muhammad Husseini Hirz al-Din yana cewa: “Wannan ita ce ƙofa ta biyar ta Farfajiyar mai daraja, kuma ita ce ƙofa ta ƙarshe da aka buɗe. Dalilin sanya mata wannan suna shi ne Sultan Abdul Aziz na Daular Usmaniyya ya bada umarnin buɗe wannan ƙofa musamman domin Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar, Sarkin Iran, domin ya shiga ta nan yayin ziyararsa zuwa wurare masu tsarki na Iraki a shekara ta 1287H.
Lokacin da Nasir al-Din Shah ya isa Najaf mai daraja, Sultan na Daular Usmaniyya ya shirya bukukuwa masu girma domin karrama shi, ciki har da buɗe wannan sabuwar ƙofa. A zahiri, wannan ƙofa wani ɗaki ne a katangar Farfajiyar, wanda kamar sauran zauruka yake da zaure mai fitowa gaba a gaban ƙofar. Ƙari da sunan Bab al-Saladin, ana kuma kiranta Bab al-Faraj. Kasuwar da aka buɗe a daidai lokacin buɗe wannan ƙofa ita ma ta shahara da sunan Suq Bab al-Faraj.
Labarin Tafiyar Nasir al-Din Shah zuwa Najaf Mai Daraja
Marigayi Sheikh Ja’afar Mahbuba ya ruwaito daga Muntazam al-Nasiri (juzu’i na 3, shafi na 315) cewa:
“A shekara ta 1287H, a ranar 13 ga watan Ramadan, Sultan Nasir al-Din Shah ya shiga Najaf domin ziyara, sannan a ranar 20 ga wannan watan ya koma da nufin zuwa Karbala. Ya baiwa maƙwabtan harami mai tsarki kyaututtuka, sannan ya gabatar da kyaututtuka ga Atabutul Alawiyya, daga cikinsu akwai wani lu’u-lu’in almas mai ɗauke da Suratul Mulk, wanda aka miƙa wa mai kula da haramin.”
Bayan haka, an sake sabunta wannan ƙofa sau da dama. A shekarun 1380H, daidai da 1960M, da 1382H, daidai da 1962M, an sake sabunta tayal ɗinta. Haka kuma, a shekara ta 1391H, wadda ta yi daidai da 1971M, an rubuta baitoci biyu na waƙar Haj Abdul Zahra Fakhr al-Din a kan tayal, kai tsaye a saman ƙofar katako.
Tughra, Hatimin Sarakunan Daular Usmaniyya, a kan Bab al-Faraj
Abin lura ne cewa a wani lokaci da ba a san takamaiman lokacinsa ba, an cire Tughra, wato hatimin sarauta na musamman na wannan ƙofa, daga asalin wurinsa a saman Bab al-Faraj, aka kafa shi a ɗaya daga cikin katangun Zauren Habubi. Ana ganin dalilin wannan sauyi shi ne sabunta tayal ɗin ƙofar tare da rashin sanin ainihin nau’i da muhimmancin tarihi na wannan Tughra.
A ranar farko ga Jumada al-Ula na shekara ta 1444H, wadda ta yi daidai da 2022M, an cire wannan Tughra daga katangar zauren da aka ambata. Sashen Ayyukan Gini da Raya Muhalli na rukunin “Nafa’is” da “Manqushat” a Atabutul Alawiyya ya ɗauki alhakin gyara shi. A yayin wannan aiki, an lulluɓe bayan kayan tarihin da wani sinadarin enamel mai sanyi, mai launin turquoise, sannan aka ƙawata layukansa da farantin zinariya. An yi wannan Tughra da farin dutsen marmara, kuma girmansa ya kai kimanin santimita 52 a tsawo da santimita 67 a faɗi.
Bayan kammala gyaran, an mayar da wannan kayan tarihi zuwa asalin wurinsa a saman mashigar Bab al-Faraj, daga ɓangaren ciki dake kallon Farfajiya mai daraja. An buɗe shi a ranar 13 ga Rajab na shekara ta 1444H, wadda ta yi daidai da 2023M, daidai da ranar tunawa da haihuwar mai albarka ta Shugaban masu taƙawa, Amirul Mu’uminin Imam Ali (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi).
Daga nan, a ranar Lahadi, 19 ga Sha’aban 1444H, wadda ta yi daidai da 12 ga Maris 2023M, aka fara cire tayal ɗin fuskar waje ta Bab al-Faraj. Injiniyoyin Cibiyar Kausar ta Iran ne suka aiwatar da aikin. Bayan gyaran katangun, an sake ƙawata fuskar wajen da tayal ɗin mosaic na Iran, yayin da aka kiyaye rubutun tsoffin allunan kamar yadda suke. An kammala wannan aiki gaba ɗaya a ranar Laraba, 20 ga Jumada al-Sani 1445H, wadda ta yi daidai da 3 ga Janairu 2024M, daidai da ranar tunawa da haihuwar Sayyada Zahra (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare ta).
Kulawa da Gyaran Ƙofofin Farfajiya Mai Daraja
Bisa umarnin jagorancin Atabutul Alawiyya, a shekara ta 1428H, wadda ta yi daidai da 2007M, bitar kafinta dake ƙarƙashin Sashen Ayyukan Gini da Raya Muhalli na Ataba ta gyara manyan ƙofofin Farfajiya mai daraja na Atabutul Alawiyya tare da sake yi musu fenti. Haka kuma, an ƙera sabbin tagogin katako daga itacen teak domin saman kowace ƙofar Sheikh al-Dusi, al-Qibla da al-Faraj, waɗanda suke kallon wajen Farfajiyar, sannan aka kafa su. An yi wannan bayan cire tsoffin fuskokin saboda sun samu lalacewa sosai a shekarun da suka gabata.
A shekara ta 1430H, wadda ta yi daidai da 2009M, an kafa sabuwar tagar katako a Bab al-Sa’a daga ɓangaren waje. Haka kuma, an cire tsohuwar fuskar ƙarfe dake saman Bab al-Sa’a daga ɓangaren ciki, aka maye gurbinta da sabuwar fuska daga itacen teak da aka sassaka da itacen sisam da raranj. Ƙari da haka, an maye gurbin tsohon madubi mai lanƙwasawa zuwa ciki da sabon madubi mai lanƙwasawa zuwa waje, domin mai kallo ya iya ganin cikakken hoton harami mai tsarki na Imam Ali.
A shekara ta 1431H, wadda ta yi daidai da 2010M, ma’aikatan sashen kafinta na Ataba sun kammala gyara da yiwa fuskokin katako na ɗakunan da aka binne manyan Maraji’ai a cikinsu fenti. Daga cikin waɗannan wurare akwai kabarin Sheikh Murtada Ansari da Sayyid Abul Hassan Isfahani. Haka kuma, an sake gyara fuskokin katako na Bab al-Sa’a, Bab Muslim bin Aqil (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi), da duk ƙofofin ɗakunan dake cikin zaurukan Farfajiyar mai daraja ta Atabutul Alawiyya.
Madogara
An ciro daga littafin «Tarikh al-Marqad al-Alawi al-Mutahhar».
A rubutun da ya gabata, an gabatar da Ƙofofin Shiga Sahni na Harami Mai Tsarki na Amirul Muminin Imam Ali (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi).
