An ƙera kowace daga cikin waɗannan ƙofofi da kayayyaki masu inganci da daraja, kamar itatuwa masu tsada da kayan ado na musamman, inda suke nuna wani hoto na musamman na haɗuwar ingantacciyar fasahar Musulunci da gine-ginen gargajiya.
Ƙofofin Zauren Gabas
Bayan an kafa ƙofar katako a daidai lokacin da aka gina ginin kabarin Imam Ali mai tsarki na yanzu a shekara ta 1023 bayan Hijira, daidai da 1614 Miladiyya, wannan ƙofa ta kasance tsohuwar babbar mashigar Haramin Imam Ali daga ɓangaren gabas na zauren.
Wannan ƙofa ta daɗe a wurinta har zuwa kusan shekara ta 1219 bayan Hijira, daidai da 1804 Miladiyya, lokacin da aka cire ta aka kuma kafa ƙofar azurfa a madadinta, wadda Hajj Muhammad Husayn Allaf Isfahani ya ɗauki nauyin samar da ita.
Daga bisani, a shekara ta 1287 bayan Hijira, daidai da 1870 Miladiyya, a zamanin mulkin Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar, an maye gurbin wannan ƙofar azurfa da wata sabuwar ƙofar azurfa, wadda Mushir al-Saltanah, Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Ahmad Shirazi, ya bayar da ita.
Labarin Ƙera Ƙofofin Kabarin Allama Hilli da Muqaddas Ardabili
Waɗannan ƙananan ƙofofi guda biyu suna haɗa da farfajiyar Iwan na Zinariya da zauren gabas na Haramin Imam Ali. Ƙofar kabarin Allama Hilli tana gefen dama, kusa da minarar arewa. Ƙofar kabarin Muqaddas Ardabili kuwa tana gefen hagu, kusa da minarar kudu.
Ya kamata a ambata cewa ƙofar azurfa ta ƙarshe ta ɗakin Allama Hilli an kafa ta a shekara ta 1373 bayan Hijira ta Wata da kuɗin Fathullah Irawani, kuma Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Hilli ya rubuta tarihinta a cikin waƙa.
A shekara ta 1395 bayan Hijira, daidai da 1975 Miladiyya, Hajj Abd al-Rasul Muhammad Ali Ajinah ya gana da Sayyid Muhammad Kalantar a Jami’ar Addini ta Najaf, inda ya bayyana shirinsa na ɗaukar nauyin kuɗin ƙera ƙofofin zinariya guda biyu domin kaburburan Allama Hilli da Muqaddas Ardabili daga dukiyarsa ta kansa, domin maye gurbin ƙofofin azurfa da suke akwai. Sayyid Kalantar ya amince da wannan shawara, ya kuma karɓi alhakin bibiyar aikin da sa ido kan aiwatar dashi.
A lokacin bazarar shekarar, ya tafi birnin Isfahan, inda ya miƙa ma’aunai da rubuce-rubucen da za a sassaka a jikin ƙofofin ga fitattun masana, kamar Hajj Muhammad Husayn Parvaresh, masani a aikin zinariya, tsara zane da ƙawatawar fasaha, da kuma Ustad Shukrullah Sani’zadeh, ƙwararre a aikin mina, launuka da ƙawatawar fasaha.
Labarin Jigilar Ƙofofin
Bayan shekaru huɗu na aiki ba tare da yankewa ba, an kammala ƙera ƙofofin biyu cikin mafi kyawun salo. Domin jigilar su, an ɗora wa Sheikh Rida, ɗan Allama Sheikh Abd al-Husayn Amini, alhakin kai ƙofofin daga Isfahan zuwa iyakar Iran da Iraq. An aiwatar da wannan aiki cikin wahala sosai, domin hanyoyin ba su da tsaro, kuma yanayin ƙasar gaba ɗaya bayan faɗuwar gwamnatin Muhammad Rida Pahlavi da kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran bai gama komawa daidai ba.
Daga nan, Sheikh Sharif, ɗan Allama Sheikh Muhammad Husayn Aal Kashif al-Ghita, ya ɗauki alhakin kawo ƙofofin daga mashigar iyaka ta Mundhiriyya zuwa Najaf Ashraf. Daga ƙarshe, an kafa ƙofofin a watan Zhul al-Qa’dah na shekara ta 1399 bayan Hijira, daidai da 1979 Miladiyya.
Duk da muhimmancin wannan lamari, ba a sami wata qasida ko waƙa da ta rubuta tarihin wannan munasaba ba. Ana ganin dalilin hakan shi ne tsoron mawaƙa daga danniyar gwamnatin Baath; domin fargabar kamu da bincike ta hana su tsara da wallafa waƙoƙi kan wannan batu.
Rubutun Tunawa da ke Jikin Ƙofofin Kabarin Allama Hilli da Muqaddas Ardabili
A ƙasan ɓangaren dama na ƙofar kabarin Allama Hilli an rubuta kamar haka:
«Da sunan Allah Maɗaukaki. Godiya ta tabbata ga Allah wanda Yayi mini ni’ima kuma Ya ba ni dacewa har na samu nasarar ƙera waɗannan ƙofofin zinariya guda biyu domin kabarin Sayyid al-Wasiyyiin cikin mafi kyawun salo ta fuskar fasaha da kyau. Hajj Abd al-Rasul Hajj Muhammad Ali Ajinah ne ya biya kuɗin ƙerarsu daga dukiyarsa tsantsa, domin neman yardar Ubangiji kaɗai.»
A ƙasan ɓangaren hagu na wannan ƙofa kuwa an rubuta kamar haka:
«A matsayin alamar tsantsar wilayarsa ga Imaman Ahlul Baiti (Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare su), ƙwararrun masana suka ƙera waɗannan ƙofofi guda biyu a birnin Isfahan a watan Muharram na shekara ta 1397 bayan Hijira. Ni kuwa, ina fatan ceton iyayena da kakannina tsarkaka, Sayyid Muhammad bin Sayyid Sultan bin Sayyid Mustafa Musawi Kalantar; Allah Ya gafarta musu.»
Wannan rubutun tunawa ya kasance iri ɗaya a jikin ƙofar kabarin Muqaddas Ardabili. Sai dai bayan an gyara ƙofar, an cire rubutun saboda mummunar lalacewar da harin Baathawa kan Haramin Imam Ali ya haifar a lokacin Intifadat Shaabaniyya na shekara ta 1991 Miladiyya.
Haka kuma, an rubuta wata qasida ta mawaƙi Abd al-Sahib Imran Dujayli a firam ɗin ƙofofin biyu. An rubuta baitin farkon qasidar a ƙofar kabarin Allama Hilli, sauran baitocin kuma a ƙofar kabarin Muqaddas Ardabili.
Sake Gyara da Rufe Ƙofofin Kabarin Biyu da Zinariya
A shekara ta 1432 bayan Hijira, daidai da 2011 Miladiyya, ƙwararrun ma’aikatan fasaha a Atabutul Alawiyya suka fara aikin gyaran ƙofar kabarin Muqaddas Ardabili.
A mataki na farko, an gyara ɓangarorin katakon da suka lalace, sannan aka ƙarfafa su da sinadarai na musamman domin hana lalacewar da gara ke haifarwa. A mataki na biyu, an sake rufe ƙofar da zinariya; an yi amfani da kusan kilogiram biyu na zinariya wajen sake rufe sassa 397 ta hanyar bugawa da hannu.
Haka kuma, an sake rubuta qasidar a jikin ƙofar. Bugu da ƙari, an sake rufe zarihin zinariya dake saman ƙofar kabarin da zinariya. A shekara ta 1433 bayan Hijira, daidai da 2012 Miladiyya, an gudanar da aikin gyara da sake gina ƙofar kabarin Allama Hilli. A wannan aikin, an maye gurbin katakon ƙofar da wani nau’i mafi inganci, an ƙera sabon firam na ƙarfe, sannan aka gyara zane-zane, kayan ado da ayyukan mina. An kuma yi amfani da kusan gram 2300 na zinariya tsantsa wajen sake rufe ƙofar da zinariya.
Ƙofofin Zauren Yamma
Idan aka yi nazari mai zurfi kan ainihin tsarin gine-ginen Haramin Imam Ali, za a ga cewa Iwan ɗin zauren dake ɓangaren yamma suna daidai da Iwan ɗin zauren dake ɓangaren gabas.
Kafin shekara ta 1426 bayan Hijira, daidai da 2005 Miladiyya, wato kafin cire hanyoyin dake shimfiɗe tare da zauren yamma na Harami, waɗanda daga bisani aka haɗa da aikin faɗaɗa ɓangaren yamma, akwai wata tagar ƙarfe a wannan ɓangare wadda take kallon fili na tsakiya na wannan mashiga daga zauren yamma. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙananan ƙofofin katako guda huɗu a gefen dake kusa da zauren waɗanda suke kaiwa zuwa ɗakunan mashigar.
Bayan gina sabon Zauren Abu Ɗalib da buɗe shi a shekara ta 1432 bayan Hijira, daidai da 2011 Miladiyya, bukatar haɗa shi da zauren yamma ta taso domin sauƙaƙa zirga-zirgar maziyarta.
Saboda haka, an cire tagar ƙarfen, sannan aka gina wata ƙofa a madadinta wadda ta yi daidai da ƙofar zinariya ta mashigar zauren gabas ta fuskar siffa da bayyanar. Wannan ƙofa tana da faɗin kusan mita 3 da tsayin mita 6 da santimita 75. Ƙofofin katako guda biyu dake dama da hagu kuwa sun kasance ba tare da canji ba.
Sai dai an cire ƙofofin katako guda biyu na arewa da kudu, sannan aka faɗaɗa gurabensu domin ƙirƙirar sababbin mashigai guda biyu, kowannensu yana da faɗin kusan mita 3. Ta haka, an samar da mashigai guda biyar gaba ɗaya tsakanin zauren biyu domin zirga-zirgar maziyarta zuwa Kabarin Amirul Mu’uminin Imam Ali (Amincin Allah ya tabbata gare shi) ta kasance cikin sauƙi.
Abin lura shi ne cewa a halin yanzu, babbar mashigar zauren yamma ita ce Bab ta tsakiya, wato Bab Abu Ɗalib. Hajj Muin Jaddi ne ya bayar da wannan ƙofa, kuma an kafa ta a ranar 18 ga Zhul al-Hijjah na shekara ta 1435 bayan Hijira, daidai da 2014 Miladiyya, a daidai lokacin Idi Ghadir Khum.
A ƙasan ɓangaren dama na wannan ƙofa an rubuta kamar haka: «An ƙera wannan ƙofa da albarkar Marja’iyya Babba ta Addini, Sayyid Sistani.» A ƙasan ɓangaren hagu kuwa an rubuta: «Da kuɗin mai girma Hajj Muin Sheikh Jabir Jaddi Najafi, 1435 bayan Hijira ta Wata.»
An ƙera wannan ƙofa mai daraja gaba ɗaya a Najaf, kuma ta shahara da yawan kayan ƙawatarta da kyawunta. Hajj Majid Abu al-Nawa’ir ne ya ƙera waɗannan kayan ado da ƙwarewar hannunsa. An yi amfani da katakon teak na Burma wajen ƙerarta, tare da kusan kilogiram 500 na tagulla da kilogiram 2 na zinariya, ban da mina mai shuɗi da aka yi amfani dashi. A ɓangarorin biyu na ƙofar da kuma kan baka dake samanta, an rubuta baitoci na Sheikh Dakta Ahmad al-Wa’ili, khadibin Mambarin Husseini.
Ƙofofin Zauren Arewa
Bisa ainihin tsarin gine-gine na zamanin Safawiyya, bangon zauren arewa yana da ƙofa guda uku. Mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu shi ne ƙofar Iwanin Malamai, wadda take kallon tagar Ƙabarin Imam Ali mai tsarki kai tsaye. A gabanta, a ɓangaren arewa, akwai babban Iwan na arewa, wato Iwan Yazdi, wanda a zahiri shi ne Bab Dusi a ainihin tsarin gine-ginen farko.
Ya kamata a ambata cewa a ainihin tsarin gine-ginen Haramin Imam Ali, Iwan Malamai yana aiki ne a matsayin ƙofa da take shiga zauren arewa na Harami. A saman wannan ƙofa daga waje, an rubuta aya ta 58 ta Suratul Baqara mai tsarki da tayal: «ادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّداً». A halin yanzu, an rufe wannan Bab da babbar tagar ƙarfe.
A gefen Iwanin Malamai, ta dama, kusa da Zauren Abu Ɗalib, akwai wata ƙofar azurfa wadda aka ƙera mata babban ɓangaren katako, kuma a tsakiyarta akwai ƙaramar ƙofa dake kaiwa zuwa Farfajiyar Haramin Imam Ali. A tsakiyar mashigar wannan kofar ne aka binne Allama Fadil Sharbayani a shekara ta 1322 bayan Hijira, daidai da 1904 Miladiyya.
Ƙofofin da Garuruwan Iran Suka Bai wa Haramin Imam Ali
A munasabar haihuwar Manzon Allah Muhammad (Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi da Alayensa), a shekara ta 1434 bayan Hijira, daidai da 2013 Miladiyya, an kafa sababbin ƙofofi guda biyu a maimakon na baya. An ƙera waɗannan ƙofofi a birnin Shiraz na Iran da katakon teak na Burma — ɗaya daga cikin mafi ingancin itatuwa a duniya — sannan aka ƙawata su da zinariya da azurfa.
Jami’ar Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Shiraz a Iran ce ta bayar da ƙofar gefen dama. Chaharmahal da Bakhtiari, ɗaya daga cikin jihohin Iran, ne suka ɗauki nauyin kuɗin ƙofar gefen hagu.
A ranar Talata, 16 Shaaban 1445 bayan Hijira, daidai da 27 Fabrairu 2024 Miladiyya, an kammala aikin kafa ƙofar zinariya ta mashigar Iwanin Malamai. An ƙera wannan kyakkyawan ƙofar a bitar ƙera zane-zane ta Isfahan, kuma yana kallon zauren arewa na Haramin Imam Ali. A halin yanzu, wannan ƙofa ba ta kaiwa farfajiyar arewa ta Haramin Imam ba, saboda wata tagar ƙarfe ta toshe ta.
Ƙofofin Zauren Kudu
A bangon zauren kudu, daidai da zauren arewa, akwai ƙofofi guda uku, kuma a tsakiyarsu akwai ƙofar Iwanin Mizab. Wannan ƙofa tana kallon zauren kudu na Haramin Imam Ali, amma a halin yanzu an rufe ta da babbar tagar ƙarfe.
Ya kamata a ambata cewa Iwanin Mizab a baya yana aiki ne a matsayin ƙofa, kuma a samansa an rubuta aya ta 46 ta Suratul Hijr mai tsarki: «ادْخُلُوهَا بِسَلام آمِنِینَ»
Wannan ƙofa tana kallon babban Iwan na kudu kai tsaye, wato Iwan Habubi, wanda a baya shi ne babbar ƙofar Qibla kuma an gina shi a zamanin Safawiyya.
Bab al-Murad; Ƙofar Sarakuna
Ƙofar gefen hagu na Iwan Mizab, zuwa Zauren Abu Ɗalib, an san ta da Bab Ummul Banin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata gare ta). Ƙofar gefen dama kuwa, wadda take kallon ƙofar Qibla ta yanzu, ana kiranta Bab al-Murad.
Sheikh Muhammad Hirz al-Din ya ambata cewa Sultan Murad na Daular Usmaniyya ya shiga Harami ta wannan ƙofa lokacin ziyararsa zuwa Najaf Ashraf, saboda haka aka san ƙofar da sunansa. A mafi yawan lokaci wannan ƙofa tana kasancewa a rufe, kuma sai dai a buɗe ta domin shigar sarakuna. Mutum na ƙarshe da ya wuce ta wannan ƙofa shi ne Sultan Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar.
A wannan mashiga, an kafa wata ƙofar azurfa mai daraja wadda aka ƙawata da zinariya a ranar Juma’a, 25 Shaaban 1341 bayan Hijira, daidai da 13 Afrilu 1923 Miladiyya. Hajiyya Takhah, mahaifiyar Sheikh Abd al-Wahhab Sukkar Aal Fir’awn, shugaban ƙabilar Aal Fatlah, ce ta ɗauki nauyin kuɗinta, wanda ya kai lira 2200 na zinariya. Haka kuma, an sassaka wata qasida ta Allama Sheikh Abd al-Karim al-Jaza’iri a jikin ƙofar, wadda ta rubuta tarihin kafa ta.
A shekara ta 1434 bayan Hijira, daidai da 2013 Miladiyya, an kuma maye gurbin ƙofofin azurfa guda biyu na zauren kudu da sababbin ƙofofi da aka ƙawata da zinariya da azurfa, domin su kasance iri ɗaya da ƙofofin zauren arewa.
Wasu gungun muminai daga yankin Gerash, kusa da birnin Shiraz a jahar Fars, ne suka bayar da ƙofar Bab al-Murad.
Wasu gungun muminai daga yankin Bavanat na wannan jaha ne suka ɗauki nauyin kuɗin ƙera ƙofar Bab Ummul Banin (Amincin Allah ya tabbata gare ta).
An kammala kafa ƙofar zinariya ta mashigar Iwan Mizab a ranar Alhamis, 22 Jumada al-Ula 1445 bayan Hijira ta Wata, daidai da 7 Disamba 2023 Miladiyya. Wannan ƙofa tana kallon zauren kudu na Haramin Imam Ali, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙofofi guda biyu da aka ƙera a Isfahan. Siffarta da dukkan bayanan fasaha da kayan adonta sun yi daidai da ƙofar zinariya ta mashigar Iwanin Malamai da aka ambata a baya.
Madogara
An ɗauko daga littafin «Tarikh al-Marqad al-Alawi al-Mutahhar»
A sashen da ya gabata na wannan jerin rubuce-rubuce, an yi nazari kan Bita na Tarihi, Gine-gine da Rubutun Haramin Amirul Muuminiin Imam Ali (Amincin Allah ya tabbata gare shi).
