A cikin wannan tafiya, sarakuna, shugabanni, amirori da manyan mutane da dama sun taka rawar gani wajen raya gari, daukaka, da kuma kiyaye wannan makabarta mai haske ta hanyar kashe manyan dukiyoyi da sadaukar da matsananciyar kokari. Manufarsu ita ce samun lada daga wurin Allah da kuma cin moriyar ceton “Qasim al-Jannah wa al-Nar” (Mai raba tsakanin Aljanna da Wuta) wato imam Amirul Muminina (A.S).
Sayyid Abdulkarim bin Dawus ya fada game da hakan cewa:
«Idan muna son ambaton sunayen dukkan wadanda suka zo ziyarar wannan kabari, ko wadanda suka taka rawa wajen gina shi da raya shi don neman kusanci ga Allah, tun daga sarakuna, manyan mutane, ministoci, marubuta, alkalai, malaman fikihu, masana da kuma mashahuran masu ruwaya daya bayan daya, to lallai magana zata yi tsawo sosai.»
Ginin Fasali na Farko na Haramin Alawi
Kubba ta farko fitacciya da aka gina a kan kabarin Amirul Muminina (A.S), sarki na Tabaristan ne ya gina ta, wato Muhammad bin Zaid al-Da’i al-Hasani, a shekara ta 283 bayan hijira.
Ya gina haramin ne a zamanin halifancin al-Mu’tadid Billah al-Abbasi tare da nuna matukar kulawa, inda ya gina katanga a kewayen haramin mai dauke da dakuna (iyawa) guda saba’in domin samar wa maziyarta da ayyuka masu inganci. Wasu masana tarihi, cikin kuskure, sun dauki wannan katangar a matsayin katangar farko ta birnin Najaf; alhalin wannan ginin, a zahiri, katangar filin haramin ce.
Kafin hakan, Imam Ja’afar al-Sadiq (A.S) ya bayar da labarin cewa wani mutum zai gina katanga mai dauke da dakuna saba’in a kusa da wannan makabarta mai alfarma kafin shahadarsa; wannan annabta ta tabbata a kan Muhammad bin Zaid. Baya ga gina wannan muhimmin gini, wannan sarki ya turo manyan dukiyoyi daga Tabaristan don raya gari da sake gina wurare masu tsarki (Atabat) a Najaf da Karbala. Majiyoyin tarihi masu tushe sun jaddada cewa Muhammad bin Zaid ne mutum na farko da ya gina kubba fitacciya a kan haramin Amirul Muminina (A.S).
Ruwayoyi Game da Muhammad bin Zaid al-Da’i al-Hasani
Abdurrahman Ibnul Jauzi ya nakalto daga Abul-Ghana’im Ibn al-Narsi cewa:
«Imam Sadiq (A.S) da Imam Baqir (A.S) sun ziyarci wurin kabarin Amirul Muminina (A.S). A wancan lokacin har yanzu babu wani gini da ake gani, fili ne kawai madaidaici, har sai da Muhammad bin Zaid al-Da’i ya zo ya bayyana kabarin.»
Daga wannan ruwayar, ana fahimtar cewa ma’anar “bayyana kabarin” ita ce gina gini a kansa da Sayyid Muhammad bin Zaid al-Hasani ya yi; kamar yadda matanan baya suka nuna hakan. An riga an ambata cewa Imam Ja’afar al-Sadiq (A.S) ya bayyana kabarin kuma ya gina wata daka (platform) a kansa, a daidai shekarar da gwamnatin Bani Umayya ta fadi (132 bayan hijira).
Abu Ishaq al-Sabi (ya rasu a shekara ta 384 bayan hijira) shi ma ya nuna wannan ra’ayin inda yake fada game da Da’i al-Hasani cewa: «Shi ne mutum na farko da ya gina gini a kan kabarin Amirul Muminina Ali bin Abi Talib da Imam Husain (A.S) a Ghari da Ha’ir, inda ya kashe dinare dubu ashirin har sai da wadannan wurare biyu suka zama wajen ziyara.»
Ibn Isfandyar ya ruwaito:
«Har zuwa zamanin Da’i Muhammad bin Zaid, kabarin Amirul Muminina (A.S), Imam Husain (A.S) da sauran imaman Shi’a da manyan mutane sun kasance a ruguje. Lokacin da Muhammad bin Zaid ya karbi mulkin Tabaristan, kuma halifan Bagadaza (al-Muntasir) yana kan mulki, ya karkata zuwa tafarkin Shi’a kuma ya nuna matukar girmamawa ga zuriyar Abu Talib. Koda yake shi kansa daga zuriyar Abbasiyawa yake kuma daga gidan al-Saffah, bai taba kuskura ya kashe ‘ya’yan Manzo (S.A.W) ba. Muhammad bin Zaid ya himmatu wajen sake gina kaburbura masu tsarki, kuma a duk inda ya yi tsammanin akwai wani kabari mai daraja, sai ya gina daki (haikali) a wurin. Kowace shekara yana aiko da dirhamin ja guda dubu talatin domin haramin Imam Husain (A.S), Amirul Muminina (A.S), Imam Hassan (A.S) da sauran manyan mutane. Kuma lokacin da al-Mutawakkil ya ruguza kaburburran a’imma (A.S), mutum na farko da ya ba da umarnin sake gina su shi ne Muhammad bin Zaid.»
Sayyid Muhammad bin Abi Talib al-Husaini al-Ha’iri al-Karaki ya ce:
«Bayan al-Mutawakkil da dansa al-Muntasir ya zama halifa. Ya kasance mai tausayi ga zuriyar Abu Talib kuma ya raba musu dukiya, sannan kaburbura masu tsarki sun sake bayyana a zamaninsa. Har sai da wadansu mutane biyu, Hassan da Muhammad ‘ya’yan Zaid bin Hassan suka yi bore. Muhammad ya ba da umarnin raya haramin Amirul Muminina (A.S) da na Imam Husain (A.S) tare da gina gine-gine a kansu. Bayan haka kuma, wadannan haramomi guda biyu sun kara samun inganci kuma an kara musu wasu gine-ginen.»
Sayyid Abdulkarim bin Dawus ya rubuta game da Da’i al-Hasani cewa:
«Shi ne wanda ya gina harami mai alfarma na Gharawi (Najaf) a zamanin halifancin al-Mu’tadid. Daga baya aka kashe shi a yakin da ya yi da dakarun gwamnati aka binne shi a Jurjan (Gurgan). Wannan bayani yana cikin littafin “al-Mushajjarah”.»
A wani littafin kuma, masanin tarihi na kasar Faransa Louis Massignon ya ce:
«Kusan shekara ta 280 bayan hijira/ 902 miladiyya, Da’i al-Zaydi al-Dailami, Zaid bin Muhammad (270–287 h.), ya gina kubba don daukaka da girmama matsayin Amirul Muminina (A.S) wanda aka binne a wurin. Sannan Abul-Haija al-Hamdani (a shekara ta 317 h.) ya kara fadada ginin da raya shi. A zamanin mulkin Al-Buyah, wannan kubba ta zama tamkar Ka’aba ga mahajjata.»
Matsayin Tallafi na Halifa al-Mu’tadid al-Abbasi ga Masu Kula da Harami
Al-Mu’tadid al-Abbasi ya hau karagar mulki a shekara ta 279 bayan hijira bayan rasuwar al-Mu’tamid. Saboda wani mafarki da ya yi, bai taba takura wa maziyartan kabari mai alfarma na Amirul Muminina (A.S) ba, kuma ya girmama zuriyar Abu Talib.
Dabari ya kawo dalla-dallan wannan labari a cikin abubuwan da suka faru a shekara ta 282 bayan hijira kamar haka: «A wannan shekarar, Muhammad bin Zaid al-Alawi ya turo dinare dubu talatin da biyu daga Tabaristan zuwa ga Muhammad bin Ward al-Attar don ya raba tsakanin danginsa a Bagadaza, Kufa, Makka, da Madina. Amma an kai rahoton wannan lamari, aka kawo Muhammad bin Ward zuwa gidan Badr aka yi masa tambayoyi. Ya ce: “Kowace shekara ana turo mini irin wannan dukiya kuma ina raba ta tsakanin danginsa kamar yadda mai aiko kudin ya ce.” Badr ya sanar da al-Mu’tadid wannan labari, inda ya sanar da shi cewa mutumin da kudin duka suna wurinsa, ya kuma nemi jin ra’ayin halifa.
Al-Mu’tadid ya amsa ta hanyar fadin wata magana daga Abu Abdullah al-Hasani, ya ce: “Ya Badr, ko ka tuna wannan mafarkin da na taba ba ka labarinsa?” Badr bai tuna ba. Al-Mu’tadid ya ce: “Ashe ba ka tuna na fada maka cewa al-Nasir ya gan ni a mafarki ya ce: ‘Sani cewa wannan lamari (halifanci) zai zo gare ka, to ka duba yadda zaka yi da zuriyar Ali bin Abi Talib’?”
Sannan ya ci gaba da cewa: “Na gani a mafarki na fita daga Bagadaza zuwa bangaren Nahrawan tare da dakaruna. Mutane suna kallo na da so ni da sojojina. A wannan lokacin sai na wuce kusa da wani mutum da yake tsaye a kan wani tudu yana sallah, ba shi da wata damuwa da ni ko laskaruna. Na ji mamakin yadda bai damu ba. Na matsa kusa don in tsaya a gabansa; lokacin da ya gama sallah ya ce mini: ‘Matsa kusa.’ Na matsa kusa. Ya tambaya: ‘Ka sani ko ni wane ne?’ Na ce: A’a. Ya ce: ‘Ni ne Ali bin Abi Talib. Karbi wannan shebur din ka buga a kasa.’ Na dauki shebur din da yake gabansa na buga sau da dama a kasa. Sannan ya ce: ‘Gwargwadon yadda ka buga, haka yaranka zasu rike halifanci. To ka yi musu wasiyya su kyautata wa yarana’.”
Badr ya ce: “Haka ne, yanzu na tuna.” Sa’an nan al-Mu’tadid ya ba da umarnin a saki kudaden da kuma Muhammad bin Ward, sannan ya rubuta masa cewa ya nemi mai kudin a Tabaristan ya rika turo kudaden a bayyane, shi kuma Muhammad bin Ward ya rika raba su a bayyane. Haka kuma ya ba da umarnin a taimaka wa Muhammad a kan wannan aikin.»
Alkali al-Tanukhi (ya rasu a shekara ta 384 bayan hijira) shi ma tare da sanadinsa ya ruwaito daga Muhammad bin Yahya bin Abi Abbad al-Hasani cewa:
«Al-Mu’tadid ya ga wani mafarki a lokacin da mahaifinsa ya daure shi. Ya gani a mafarki wani dattijo zaune a gefen kogin Dijla. Ya mika hannunsa zuwa ruwan, sai dukkan ruwan ya taru a hannunsa har kogin ya bushe; sannan ya sake shi, sai kogin ya sake gudana. Na tambayi halinsa, aka ce: Wannan shi ne Ali bin Abi Talib. Na je wurinsa na yi masa sallama. Ya amsa…»
Tsarin Kafuwa da Fadada Birnin Najaf
Tarihin ginin Da’i al-Hasani a shekara ta 283 bayan hijira/ 896 miladiyya, a gaskiya shi ne farkon kafuwar birnin Najaf al-Ashraf a matsayin cibiyar birni. Kafin wannan ranar, wannan wurin babu kowa a cikinsa.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, aka fara hidima ga harami mai alfarma na Amirul Muminina (A.S), kuma abubuwa kamar gudanarwa da kulawa da wannan fasali mai haske, zama na dindindin na mabiya Ahlul Baiti a kusa da kabarin, da binne matattu a wannan wuri mai alfarma suka kankama. A gefe guda kuma, a hankali raya gari da fadada wannan birni ya karu, har Najaf al-Ashraf ta zama babban birnin Musulunci da cibiyar tunani da al’adu da shigewar lokaci. Daga baya aka san wannan birni a matsayin mazaunin manyan maraji’an Shi’a da kuma cibiyar makarantun addini (Hauza) a duniyar Musulunci.
Madogara:
An ciro daga littafin «Tarihin Haikali Mai Alfarma na Alawi» (Tarikh al-Marqad al-Alawi al-Mutahhar).
