Amirul Muminina Ali (A.S) ya ba iyalansa wasiyyar cewa bayan rasuwarsa da binne shi, saboda makirci da keta haddi na makiyan takwaransa, inda kabarinsa mai alfarma ya kasance a boye kuma ba a bayyane ba, domin kada makiya masu kiyayya su samu damar tono kabarinsa.[1]
Imam Ja’afar al-Sadiq (A.S) a yayin amsa tambayar daya daga cikin sahabbansa mai suna Safwan al-Jammal game da boye inda kabarin Amirul Muminina (A.S) da Ahlul Baitinsa suka yi, ya bayyana cewa: «Domin tsira daga sharrin Bani Marwan da Khawarij da kuma kiyayyarsu.»[2]
Sheikh Ja’afar Al-Mahbuba ya nakalto daga littafin «Muntakhab al-Tawarikh» cewa Hajjaj bin Yusuf al-Thaqafi ya tono kaburbura dubu uku (3,000) a Najaf da fatan ko zai samu daya daga cikinsu ya kasance kabarin Amirul Muminina Ali (A.S).
Ibn Dawus ya fadi game da boye kabari mai alfarma cewa: «imam ya yi wasiyyar binne shi a asirce kamar yadda yanayi ya nuna, domin ya kasance a amince daga makirci da kiyayyar Bani Umayya da Khawarij da mataimakansu; domin lallai idan wadannan mutanen suka san inda kabarin yake, zasu tono shi. Banu Hashim sun san kiyayya da gaba ta wannan jama’a wadda Amirul Muminina Ali (A.S) ya tunkara a lokacin rayuwarsa, to ta yaya ba zai yi wasiyya game da kasancewa a amince daga wannan kiyayya bayan shahadarsa ba? Saboda haka, a cikin boye wannan kabarin akwai fa’idodi wadanda ba za su kirgu ba.»[3]
inda wannan kabari mai alfarma ya ci gaba da kasancewa a boye a birnin Najaf kuma babu wanda ya san shi sai ‘ya’yansa da mabiya (Shi’a) na musamman na wannan imami, bisa wasiyyar Amirul Muminina (A.S), har zuwa shekara ta arba’in bayan hijira da faduwar daular Umayyawa da kuma kafuwar daular Abbasiyawa a shekara ta 132 h./749 m.
Bayan gushewar matsaloli da tsoro, Imam Ja’afar al-Sadiq (A.S) ya cire labule daga inda wannan kabari mai alfarma, kuma ya yi umarni da a ziyarci wannan imami. Wannan ya faru ne lokacin da Imam al-Sadiq (A.S) ya zo Iraki bisa gayyatar halifa na farko na Abbasiyawa, Abul Abbas al-Saffah, inda ya gana da shi a garin Hirah, sai Imam ya gina darihi (shinge) a kan wannan kabari mai alfarma.
Sheikh Mufid ya fadi game da wannan cewa: «Kabari mai alfarma na imam (A.S) ya ci gaba da kasancewa a boye har sai da Imam al-Sadiq (A.S) ya cire labule daga wannan kabarin a lokacin daular Abbasiyawa.»[4]
«A lokacin da nake wurin Abul Abbas a garin Hirah, na fita da daddare zuwa kabarin Amirul Muminina Ali (A.S) a Hira ta Najaf, a gefen Ghari al-Nu’man. Na gudanar da sallar dare a can sannan na dawo kafin fitowar rana.»[5]
Ziyarar Imam al-Sadiq (A.S) zuwa kabarin kakansa shugaban wasiyyai (A.S) ta sake maimaituwa a zamanin halifa al-Abbasi, wato Ja’afar al-Mansur. A daya daga cikin wadannan ziyarce-ziyarce, Imam (A.S) ya ba Safwan al-Jammal wani adadi na kudi domin gyara kabarin.
Safwan ya ce: Na ce wa imam: Ya shugabana! Shin zaka ba ni izini in sanar da abokanmu (mabiya) a Kufa game da samuwar wannan kabari? Ya ce: “E”, ya ba ni kudi sannan na sake gyara kabarin.[6]
Abin takaici, wasu daga cikin marubutan baya na dā da na yanzu sun yi kuskure game da ruwayoyin da suka shafi haramin Amirul Muminina Ali (A.S) ba tare da bincike da tantancewa ba, inda suka kauce wa tafarkin gaskiya; musamman ma wadanda suke da ra’ayin cewa Harun al-Abbasi ne mutum na farko da ya bayyana kabari mai alfarma a shekara ta 170 h./786 m. ko 175 h./791 m.
Suna danganta wannan ikirari ne da labarin “al-Said” (farauta) a wani yanki na Najaf, ba tare da sun sani ba — da gangan ko ba tare da sani ba — ga abin da Imam al-Sadiq (A.S) ya gudanar a shekara ta 132 h., ciki har da sanar da inda kabarin, gina darihi a kansa, da kuma umartar sauran mutane su yi ziyarar imam ali (A.S).
To ta yaya za a iya kwatanta wannan imami (Imam Sadiq) da aikin wanda ya kafa harsashin gaba da Ahlul Baiti (A.S) kuma ya zalunci Shi’a, ya kuma daure Imam Musa al-Kadhim a kurkuku har sai da wannan imain ya yi shahada ta hanyar ba shi guba da makiya suka yi, sannan a yi da’awar cewa wannan mutumin zai girmama haramin Amirul Muminina?
Sheikh Mufid a cikin «al-Irshad» ya nakalto wannan labari dalla-dalla kamar haka: «An ruwaito daga Muhammad bin Zakariya, daga Abdullah bin Muhammad daga Ibn Aisha, daga Abdullah bin Hazim wanda ya ce: Wata rana na fita tare da al-Rashid daga Kufa da nufin yin farauta, muka nufi bangaren al-Gharayyin da al-Thuwiyyah sai muka ga wata barewa. Muka saki tsuntsaye da karnukan farauta a kanta, suka bi ta na tsawon awa guda. Barewar ta tsaya a kan wani tudu, sai kwatsam tsuntsayen suka sauko (ba su kai hari ba) karnukan kuma suka dawo baya. Rashid ya yi mamakin wannan lamari. Barewar ta maimaita hakan har sau uku; da zaran ta tsaya a kan wannan tudun, karnukan da tsuntsayen zasu nisance ta.
Harun al-Rashid ya ce: Ku gaggauta kawo mini duk wanda kuka gani a kusa. Aka kawo wani tsoho daga Bani Asad. Harun ya ce: Fada mini menene labarin wannan tudun? Ya amsa da cewa: Idan ka ba ni kariya zan fada maka. Ya ce: Na yi alkawarin ba zan taba cuce ka ba. Sai ya ce: Mahaifina ya nakalto daga kakanninsa cewa a cikin wannan tudun akwai kabarin imam Ali bin Abi Talib (A.S), wanda Allah ya sanya shi harami (wuri mai tsarki) wanda duk wanda ya nemi mafaka a cikinsa zai samu cikakken aminci.»[7]
Amma a kowane hali, game da abin da aka nakalto na sake gyaran kabari ta hannun Harun, abu ne da yake bukatar bincike sosai. Ibn Dawus ya nakalto wata ruwaya a nan wadda saboda dalilai da dama ba za a iya dogara da ita ba.
A cikin wannan ruwayar an ambata cewa: «An ruwaito daga Ibn Tuhhal: Rashid ya gina wani gini da farin bulo a kan kabarin, wanda ya fi wannan darihin na yanzu kankanta. A lokacin da aka bude darihi mai alfarma na Imam, mun same shi an gina shi da kasa da siminti. Don haka Rashid ya ba da umarnin a gina masa wani daki (qubba). Wannan kubbar an gina ta ne da jan laka, sannan aka dora wani abu mai launin kore a kanta (jinadani) wanda har yau yana nan a taskar ajiya.»[8]
A gefen littafin «Farhat al-Ghari» tare da kokarin Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi Najaf, an ambata cewa a cikin kwafi (T) na wannan littafi an yi amfani da kalmar «Hibrah».
Farfesa Dokta Salah al-Fartusi a littafinsa «Marqad wa Darih Amirul Muminin» ya nuna shakku da tantama da dama game da gaskiyar samuwar gini da aka danganta ga Harun. Ya rubuta cewa: «Idan na sake bincikar ruwayar Ibn al-Tuhhal, zamu ga cewa wannan ruwayar ba ta da sanadi ko madogara daga wata majiya mai tushe. A’a, ruwaya ce kawai wadda ba ta da wani harsashi. A kan darihi mai tsarki, an gina wani gini tsakanin karni na uku da na shida, kuma daga cikin manyan gine-ginen da aka gina a kan wannan darihi, akwai wani gini mai kubba fara wanda ya yi fice, wanda shi ne ginin Adud al-Dawla.»[9]
Ya kamata mu sani cewa al-Damiri a littafinsa «Hayat al-Hayawan al-Kubra» ya nakalto daga Ibn Khallikan cewa Harun al-Abbasi ya sanya duwatsu ne kawai a kan kabarin, ba wani abu daban ba. A cikin ruwayarsa ba a ambaci wani babban gini da Harun ya gina ba wanda zai iya zama madadinsa ga darihin da Imam Ja’afar al-Sadiq (A.S) ya gina.
Al-Damiri ya ce: «Rashid ya ba da umarnin a yi wa wannan darihi aikin dutse. Wataƙila wannan shi ne harsashi na farko, wanda daga baya a lokuta daban-daban kamar zamanin Samaniyyawa da Bani Hamdan, da zamanin Dailamiyyawa da Bani Buyah, aka kara masa gine-gine da dama.»[10]
Bayan haka, abin da yake sanya shakku a kan wannan ruwayar tare da karya ta, shi ne cewa a wancan lokacin (zamanin Harun al-Abbasi), gina kubbobi (qubba) masu yawa a kan kaburbura ba al’ada ba ce da aka sani. An sani cewa kubba ta farko da aka gina a Iraki a kan wani kabari ita ce ta al-Muntasir Billah bin al-Mutawakkil al-Abbasi a Samarra, wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 248 h./862 m.
Dokta Su’ad Maher ta rubuta game da hakan cewa: «Mahaifiyar halifa al-Muntasir wadda Bayunaniya ce, ta nace a kan gina wa danta darihi wanda zai kasance nesa da fadar da yake zaune. Sunan wannan kubbar kuma an kira shi “Qubbat al-Sulaybiyyah”.»[11]
Panois (Hujjoji):
[1] Farhat al-Ghari fi Ta’yin Qabr Amir al-Muminin Ali (A.S): 226.
[2] Madi al-Najaf wa Hadiruha: 39.
[3] Farhat al-Ghari fi Ta’yin Qabr Amir al-Muminin Ali (A.S): 226.
[4] al-Irshad fi Ma’rifat Hujaj Allah ‘ala al-Ibad: 10.
[5] Farhat al-Ghari fi Ta’yin Qabr Amir al-Muminin Ali (A.S): 194.
[6] Farhat al-Ghari fi Ta’yin Qabr Amir al-Muminin Ali (A.S): 232.
[7] al-Irshad fi Ma’rifat Hujaj Allah ‘ala al-Ibad: 1/27.
[8] Farhat al-Ghari fi Ta’yin Qabr Amir al-Muminin Ali (A.S): 273-274.
[9] Marqad wa Darih Amir al-Muminin (A.S): 143-144.
[10] Hayat al-Hayawan al-Kubra: 2/177.
[11] Mash-had al-Imam Ali fi al-Najaf: 133.
Madogarar Bayani:
An ciro daga littafin «Tarihin Haikali Mai Alfarma na Alawi» (Tarikh al-Marqad al-Alawi al-Mutahhar).
