Imam Ja’far Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) an haife shi a ranar goma sha bakwai ga Rabi’ul Awwal, shekara ta 83 bayan hijira, a Madina. Mahaifinsa mai daraja, Imam Baqir (aminci ya tabbata gareshi), ya sanya masa suna “Ja’far”, saboda sunan kawun kakanninsa, Ja’far al-Ɗayyar. Mahaifiyar Imam mai daraja, “Fadima”, wadda ake yi wa laƙabi da “Ummu Farwa”, tana daga cikin mata salihai na zamaninta.
A cikin tsarin ilimomin Ahlul Baiti, Imam Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi), ta hanyar haɗa halittar Manzon Allah na ƙarshe da Amirul Mu’uminin (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) daga hasken Allah da hakikanin tarihin Ghadir, ya zayyana wilayar Uban-gidan masu taƙawa a matsayin jagoran imani.
A cikin wannan jerin ruwayoyi, ya gabatar da wilaya ba a matsayin ginshiƙi guda kawai a cikin sauran hukunce-hukuncen addini ba, face a matsayin “mabuɗi” na dukkan ginshiƙan addini da kuma hanya ɗaya tilo ta samun ceto. Wannan hakika tana da zurfin tasiri har ta kai ga Iblis ya yarda a ranar Ghadir da shan kaye na tarihi a gaban tsayin daka na mabiyan Amirul Mu’uminin (aminci ya tabbata gareshi).
Halittar haske
Halittar Manzon ƙarshe da Amirul Mu’uminin (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) daga hasken Allah, tun kafin halittar duniya, tana nuna matsayi mai ɗaukaka na Annabci da Imamanci a wajen Allah.
Imam Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) ya ce: “Manzon Allah (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi) da Amirul Mu’uminin Ali (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) sun kasance haske biyu a gaban Allah Mai Girma da ɗaukaka, shekaru dubu biyu kafin halittar duniya da halittu. Lokacin da mala’iku suka ga wannan haske, sai suka ga wani tushe tabbatacce wanda reshe da haske mai haskakawa suka rabu daga gare shi. Sai suka ce: ‘Ya Ubangijinmu kuma Shugabanmu! Mene ne wannan haske?’ Allah Mabuwayi da ɗaukaka Ya yi musu wahayi cewa: ‘Wannan haske ne daga haskena; tushensa Annabci ne, reshensa kuma Imamanci ne. Annabci na Muhammad (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi), bawana kuma Manzona ne, Imamanci kuma na Ali bin Abi Ɗalib (aminci ya tabbata gareshi), hujjana kuma waliyyina ne; da ba su biyun ba, da Ban halicci halittuna ba.’” [1]
Adam (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) ya nemi kusanci ta sunayen sama
Neman kusancin Adam zuwa ga Allah ta hanyar hasken Manzon Allah (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi) da Amirul Mu’uminin (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) yana bayyana hakikanin alaƙar halitta da wilaya.
Imam Ja’far Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) ya ce: “Lokacin da Adam ya aikata kuskure, sai ya koma ga Allah ta hanyar neman kusanci da Muhammad da Ahlul Baitinsa (aminci ya tabbata a gare su), ya sanya su matsakaita wajen neman gafararsa.” Sai Allah Ya yi masa wahayi: “Ya Adam! Ta yaya ka san Muhammad?” Adam ya ce: “Lokacin da Ka halicce ni, na ɗaga kaina sai na ga an rubuta a gaban Al’arshi cewa: Muhammad (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi) Manzon Allah ne, kuma Ali bin Abi Ɗalib (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) Amirul Mu’uminin ne.” [2]
Ma’aunin auna imani
Sanya Amirul Mu’uminin (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) a matsayin alama tsakanin Allah da bayinsa yana bayyana wa mutane iyakar da ke tsakanin imani da kafirci.
Mufaddal, wanda yana daga cikin ɗalibai da Sahabbai na Imam Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) da Imam Musal Kazim (aminci ya tabbata gareshi), ya ruwaito daga Imam Ja’far Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) cewa ya ce: “Lalle Allah Mai girma da ɗaukaka Ya sanya Amirul Mu’uminin Ali (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) ya zama alamar shiriya da tutar shiriya a tsakaninsa da halittunsa, kuma babu wata alama tsakaninsa da mutane face shi. Saboda haka, duk wanda ya yi iƙirari da wilayarsa mumini ne; wanda ya musanta ta kafiri ne; wanda bai san shi ba batacce ne; wanda ya sanya wata wilaya tare da wilayarsa mushriki ne; wanda ya zo gaban Allah tare da wilayarsa zai shiga Aljanna, wanda kuma ya musanta ta zai shiga wuta.” [3]
Shaidar Jibrilu kan alkawarin Ghadir
Jaddada mala’ikan wahayi kan tabbatuwar alkawarin Manzon Allah (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi) da Amirul Mu’uminin (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) yana bayyana makomar masu karya alkawarin Ghadir.
Imam Ja’far Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) ya ce: “Lokacin da Allah Ya sanar da wilayar Amirul Mu’uminin Ali (aminci ya tabbata gareshi), Manzon Allah (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi) kuma ya isar da ita ga waɗanda suke wurin, sai wani mutum daga cikin taron ya ce: ‘Manzon Allah ya ɗaura wa wannan mutum alkawari mai ƙarfi wanda babu wanda zai karya shi bayansa face kafiri.’ A wannan lokaci Umar bin Khattab ya je wurinsa ya tambaye shi: ‘Ya bawan Allah, kai wanene?’ Amma mutumin ya yi shiru bai ba da amsa ba. Sai Umar ya zo wurin Manzon Allah (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi) ya ce: ‘Ya Manzon Allah, na ga wani mutum a cikin mutane yana cewa: Manzon Allah ya ɗaura wa wannan mutum alkawari mai ƙarfi wanda babu wanda zai karya shi face kafiri.’ Manzon Allah (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi) ya ce: ‘Ya Umar! Wannan Jibrilu ne; don haka kada ka kasance cikin waɗanda suke karya wannan alkawari kuma suke juyawa daga gaskiya.’” [4]
Mai rabon Aljanna da Wuta
Rabon Aljanna da Wuta a hannun Amirul Mu’uminin (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) a ranar tashin ƙiyama yana bayyana wani ɓangare na matsayinsa mai ɗaukaka a ranar tashin ƙiyama, kuma yana nuna matsayinsa na musamman a tsakanin halittu.
Imam Ja’far Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) ya ce: “Idan ranar tashin kiyama ta tsaya, za a kafa wani mambari da zai kasance a gaban idanun dukkan halittu. Wani mutum zai tsaya a samansa, mala’iku biyu kuma za su kasance a damansa da hagunsa. Mala’ikan da ke dama zai yi kira ya ce: ‘Ya ku halittu! Wannan Ali bin Abi Ɗalib (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) ne, mai Aljanna; duk wanda ya so zai shigar da shi Aljanna.’ Mala’ikan da ke hagu kuma zai yi kira ya ce: ‘Ya ku halittu! Wannan Ali bin Abi Ɗalib (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) ne, mai Wuta; duk wanda ya so zai shigar da shi Wuta.’” [5]
Hakikanin Itrah a Hadisin Thaqalain
Amirul Mu’uminin (aminci ya tabbata gareshi), dangane da ma’anar Itrah a Hadisin Thaqalain, yana gabatar da Imamai goma sha biyu a matsayin ma’abotan Qur’ani na har abada.
Imam Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi), ya ruwaitowa daga kakanninsa masu daraja, daga Sayyidush Shuhada (aminci ya tabbata gareshi), ya ruwaito cewa ya ce: “An tambayi Amirul Mu’uminin (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) game da ma’anar maganar Manzon Allah (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi) cewa: ‘إِنِّي مُخَلِّفٌ فِيكُمُ الثَّقَلَيْنِ: كِتَابَ اللهِ وَعِتْرَتِي؛ Lalle na bar muku abubuwa biyu masu nauyi: Littafin Allah da Itrah ta,’ aka tambaye shi: ‘Su waye Itrah?’ Sai ya ce: ‘Ni, Hassan, Hussein da Imamai tara daga zuriyar Hussein, na tara daga cikinsu shi ne Mahdi kuma Mai tsayuwa na Ahlul Baiti. Waɗannan ba za su taɓa rabuwa da Littafin Allah ba, haka nan Qur’ani ba zai rabu da su ba har sai sun zo wurin Manzon Allah (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi) a gefen Tafkin Kausar.’” [6]
Sharadin karɓar Tauhidi
Alaƙar da ba ta rabuwa tsakanin Tauhidi da karɓar wilayar Amirul Mu’uminin (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) da Imamai ma’asumai tana bayyana hanyar samun rahama da yardar Allah.
Imam Ja’far Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi), yana ruwaitowa daga kakanninsa tsarkaka (aminci ya tabbata a gare su), ya ruwaito cewa Manzon Allah (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi) ya ce: “Jibrilu ya kawo saƙo daga Ubangiji Mabuwayi da ɗaukaka cewa Allah Ya ce: Duk wanda ya san cewa babu abin bautawa sai Ni kaɗai, kuma Muhammad (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi) bawana ne kuma Manzona, Ali bin Abi Ɗalib (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) halifana ne kuma magajina, Imamai daga zuriyarsa kuma hujjojina ne, zan shigar da shi Aljanna da rahama ta, in kuɓutar da shi daga Wuta da gafara ta, in ba shi makwabtaka da Ƙofarsa, in tabbatar masa da karamci na, in cika masa ni’imaTa, in sanya shi cikin bayina na musamman kuma zaɓaɓɓu; idan ya kira Ni zan amsa masa, idan ya roƙe Ni zan karɓa masa, idan ya nema zan ba shi, idan ya yi shiru Ni ne zan yi masa kyauta, idan ya yi tuntuɓe zan jiƙansa, idan ya gudu zan kira shi, idan ya dawo zan karɓe shi, idan ya ƙwanƙwasa ƙofata zan buɗe masa.
Amma duk wanda bai shaida kadaita ta ba, ko ya yi iƙirari da ita amma bai karɓi saƙon Muhammad (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi) ba, ko ya karɓi saƙon amma bai yarda da halifancin Ali bin Abi Ɗalib (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) ba, ko ya yarda da magajinsa amma ya ƙi Imamancin ’ya’yansa, ya kafirce wa ni’imata, ya wulaƙanta girmama ta, ya kafirce wa ayoyi da littattafai na; idan ya zo gare Ni zan hana shi, idan ya nema zan hana shi amfana, idan ya kira Ni ba zan amsa masa ba, idan ya yi addu’a ba zan karɓa masa ba, idan ya yi bege zan sa shi yanke ƙauna; wannan shi ne hukuncinsa, kuma Ni ba na zaluntar bayina.”
Sa’an nan Jabir bin Abdullah al-Ansari ya tashi ya tambaya: “Ya Manzon Allah! Su waye Imamai daga zuriyar Ali bin Abi Ɗalib (aminci ya tabbata gareshi)?” Manzon Allah (aminci da albarkar Allah su tabbata gareshi) ya ce: “Hassan da Hussein, shugabannin samarin Aljanna biyu; sannan shugaban masu ibada na zamaninsa, Ali bin Hussein; sannan Baqir, Muhammad bin Ali; Ya Jabir, za ka haɗu da shi, idan ka gan shi ka isar masa da gaisuwata. Bayan shi akwai Sadiq, Ja’far bin Muhammad; sannan Kazim, Musa bin Ja’far; sannan Rida, Ali bin Musa; sannan Taqi, Muhammad bin Ali; sannan Naqi, Ali bin Muhammad; sannan Zaki, Hassan bin Ali; bayan shi kuma ɗansa, Mai tsayuwa da gaskiya, Mahdi na al’ummata; shi ne wanda zai cika duniya da adalci da daidaito kamar yadda aka cika ta da zalunci da danniya.
Ya Jabir! Waɗannan su ne halifofina, wasiyyaina, ’ya’yana da Ahlina; biyayyarsu biyayya ce gare Ni, rashin biyayyarsu kuma rashin biyayya ne gare Ni, kuma duk wanda ya musanta su ko ɗaya daga cikinsu ya musanta Ni. Saboda albarkar kasancewarsu ne Allah ke riƙe da sama kada ta faɗo a kan ƙasa sai da izininsa, kuma Yana tabbatar da zaman lafiyar ƙasa kada ta girgiza mutanenta ta hallaka su.” [7]
Gabatar da addini ga Imam Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi)
Imani da wilayar Amirul Mu’uminin (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) da Imamai bayansa shi ne tushen karɓar addini da kuma alaƙar wilayar mumini da Ahlul Baiti.
Mai riwaya ya ce: “Na je wurin Imam Ja’far Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi), sai na ce: Ina son in gabatar muku da addinina da aƙida ta, duk da cewa a ganina akidar tawa ta cika.” Imam ya ce: “Faɗi.” Na ce: “Ina shaidawa cewa babu abin bauta sai Allah, kuma Muhammad bawansa ne kuma Manzonsa, kuma na yi imani da duk abin da ya zo da shi daga Allah. Haka nan na yi imani cewa Ali Imam ne wanda Allah Ya wajabta masa biyayya; duk wanda ya san shi mumini ne, wanda bai san shi ba batacce ne, wanda ya ƙi shi kuma kafiri ne.” Sa’an nan na ambaci Imamai (aminci ya tabbata a gare su) ɗaya bayan ɗaya har na zo ga Imam Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi). A nan Imam ya ce: “Me kake so daga gare Ni? Shin kana son bisa wannan aƙida a samu soyayya da alaƙar wilaya tsakanina da kai? Ni ma bisa waɗannan akidu na karɓi wilayarka da alaƙarka.” [8]
Wilaya; mabuɗin ginshiƙan Musulunci
Fifikon wilayar Amirul Mu’uminin (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) da Ahlul Baiti a kan sauran ginshiƙan addini yana bayyana matsayin Imamanci wajen tabbatar da hukunce-hukuncen Allah.
Zurarah, wanda yana daga cikin masu ruwaito hadisai kuma daga Sahabban Imam Baqir (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) da Imam Ja’far Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi), ya ruwaito daga Imam Ja’far Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) cewa ya ce: “An gina Musulunci a kan ginshiƙai biyar: Sallah, Zakka, Haji, Azumi da Wilaya.”
Zurarah ya ce: Na tambaya: “Wanne daga cikin waɗannan ginshiƙai ne ya fi?”
Imam ya ce: “Wilaya ta fi dukkaninsu, domin wilaya ita ce mabuɗin dukkan waɗannan ginshiƙai, kuma Imam da Waliyyi shi ne mai shiryar da mutane wajen aiwatar da su.” [9]
Ruwayoyin Imam Sadiq (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) su ne fitila mafi haske wajen fahimtar hakikanin wilaya. Hakika shi ne babban mai ɗaga tutar gabatar da matsayi na sama na Amirul Mu’uminin (aminci ya tabbata gareshi) ga duniya.
Madogara
[1] Bihar al-Anwar, juzu’i na 15, shafi na 11
[2] Bihar al-Anwar, juzu’i na 27, shafi na 7
[3] Amali Tusi, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 410, Al-Muhtadar, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 93
[4] Bihar al-Anwar, juzu’i na 31, shafi na 593
[5] Ilal al-Shara’i, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 164
[6] Uyun Akhbar al-Rida (aminci ya tabbata gareshi), juzu’i na 1, shafi na 57
[7] Kamal al-Din wa Tamam al-Ni’ma, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 258
[8] Rijal al-Kashshi, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 424
[9] Al-Mahasin, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 286
